| 第三週期元素 | \(\ce{Na}\) | \(\ce{Mg}\) | \(\ce{Al}\) | \(\ce{Si}\) | \(\ce{P4}\) | \(\ce{S8}\) | \(\ce{Cl2}\) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 常見氧化物 | \(\ce{Na2O}\) | \(\ce{MgO}\) | \(\ce{Al2O3}\) | \(\ce{SiO2}\) | \(\ce{P4O6}\) | \(\ce{P4O10}\) | \(\ce{SO2}\) | \(\ce{SO3}\) | \(\ce{Cl2O}\) | \(\ce{Cl2O7}\) |
| 氧化物與水反應後的生成物 | \(\ce{NaOH}\) | \(\ce{Mg(OH)2}\) | -- | -- | \(\ce{H3PO3}\) | \(\ce{HPO3}\)/\(\ce{H3PO4}\) | \(\ce{H2SO3}\) | \(\ce{H2SO4}\) | \(\ce{HClO}\) | \(\ce{HClO4}\) |
| 生成物的酸鹼性 | 鹼性 | -- | -- | 酸性 | ||||||
| 反應式 | \[\begin{align} \ce{ Na2O(s) + H2O (l) & -> 2NaOH (aq) }\\\\ \ce{ MgO(s) + H2O (l) & -> Mg(OH)2 (aq) } \end{align}\] | -- | -- | \[\begin{align} \ce{ P4O6(s) + 6H2O (l) &-> $\underset{\text{亞磷酸}}{\ce{4H3PO3 (aq)}}$ } \\\\ \ce{ P4O10(s) + $\underset{\text{冷水}}{\ce{2H2O (l)}}$ &-> $\underset{\text{偏磷酸}}{\ce{4HPO3 (aq)}}$ } \\\\ \ce{ P4O10(s) + $\underset{\text{熱水}}{\ce{6H2O (l)}}$ & -> $\underset{\text{磷酸}}{\ce{4H3PO4 (aq)}}$ } \\\\ \ce{ SO2(g) + H2O (l) & -> $\underset{\text{亞硫酸}}{\ce{H2SO3 (aq)}}$ } \\\\ \ce{ SO3(g) + H2O (l) & -> $\underset{\text{硫酸}}{\ce{H2SO4 (aq)}}$ } \\\\ \ce{ Cl2O(g) + H2O (l) &-> $\underset{\text{次氯酸}}{\ce{2HClO (aq)}}$ } \\\\ \ce{ Cl2O7(g) + H2O (l) &-> $\underset{\text{高氯酸}}{\ce{2HClO4 (aq)}}$ } \end{align}\] | ||||||