將氫氧化鈉溶液分別加入含有下列金屬離子的溶液中，會發生怎樣的變化呢？仔細觀察相應的影片，完成表格中的題目。
| 金屬離子 | 實驗觀察 | 沉澱的顏色 | 沉澱是否溶於過量的 \(\text{NaOH}\left( \text{aq} \right)\) | 涉及的離子反應式 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| \(\text{C}{{\text{a}}^{2+}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\) | \(\text{C}{{\text{a}}^{\text{2+}}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \text{+}\ \text{2O}{{\text{H}}^{-}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \to \) | |||
| \(\text{C}{{\text{u}}^{2+}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\) | \(\text{C}{{\text{u}}^{\text{2+}}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \text{+}\ \text{2O}{{\text{H}}^{-}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \to \) | |||
| \(\text{F}{{\text{e}}^{2+}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\) | \(\text{F}{{\text{e}}^{\text{2+}}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \text{+}\ \text{2O}{{\text{H}}^{-}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \to \) | |||
| \(\text{F}{{\text{e}}^{3+}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\) | \(\text{F}{{\text{e}}^{\text{3+}}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \text{+}\ \text{3O}{{\text{H}}^{-}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \to \) | |||
| \(\text{Z}{{\text{n}}^{2+}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\) | \(\text{Z}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2+}}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \text{+}\ \text{2O}{{\text{H}}^{-}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \to \) \[\text{Zn}{{\left( \text{OH} \right)}_{2}}\left( \text{s} \right)\ \text{+}\ 2\text{O}{{\text{H}}^{-}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \to \ {{\left[ \text{Zn}{{\left( \text{OH} \right)}_{4}} \right]}^{2-}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\] | |||
| \(\text{A}{{\text{l}}^{3+}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\) | \(\text{A}{{\text{l}}^{\text{3+}}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \text{+}\ \text{3O}{{\text{H}}^{-}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \to \) \[\text{Al}{{\left( \text{OH} \right)}_{3}}\left( \text{s} \right)\ \text{+}\ \text{O}{{\text{H}}^{-}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \to \ {{\left[ \text{Al}{{\left( \text{OH} \right)}_{4}} \right]}^{-}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\] | |||
| \(\text{P}{{\text{b}}^{2+}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\) | \(\text{P}{{\text{b}}^{\text{2+}}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \text{+}\ \text{2O}{{\text{H}}^{-}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \to \) \[\text{Pb}{{\left( \text{OH} \right)}_{2}}\left( \text{s} \right)\ \text{+}\ 2\text{O}{{\text{H}}^{-}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \to \ {{\left[ \text{Pb}{{\left( \text{OH} \right)}_{4}} \right]}^{2-}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\] |
向含有銨根離子的溶液中加入氫氧化鈉溶液，然後將其放在本生燈上加熱，並將濕潤的藍色和紅色石蕊試紙放在試管口，觀察試紙的顏色變化，思考其中的原因。
從以上實驗我們得知：
結論：
從以上例子我們得知，鹼溶液（金屬氫氧化物的水溶液）可與銨鹽發生反應生成具有鹼性的氣體——氨（\(\text{N}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}\left( \text{g} \right)\)）。氯化銨溶液與鹼溶液反應的離子反應式如下：
\[\text{N}{{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}}^{\text{+}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \text{+}\ \text{O}{{\text{H}}^{-}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \to \ \text{N}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}\left( \text{g} \right)\ \text{+}\ {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}\text{O}\left( \text{l} \right)\]將氨水分別加入含有下列金屬離子的溶液中，會發生怎樣的變化呢？仔細觀察相應的影片，完成表格中的題目。
| 金屬離子 | 實驗觀察 | 沉澱的顏色 | 沉澱是否溶於過量的 \(\text{N}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\) | 涉及的離子反應式 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| \(\text{C}{{\text{a}}^{2+}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\) | \(\text{C}{{\text{a}}^{\text{2+}}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \text{+}\ \text{2O}{{\text{H}}^{-}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \to \) | |||
| \(\text{C}{{\text{u}}^{2+}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\) | \(\text{C}{{\text{u}}^{\text{2+}}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \text{+}\ \text{2O}{{\text{H}}^{-}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \to \) \[\text{Cu}{{\left( \text{OH} \right)}_{2}}\left( \text{s} \right)\ \text{+}\ 4\text{N}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \to \ {{\left[ \text{Cu}{{\left( \text{N}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}} \right)}_{4}} \right]}^{2+}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \text{+}\ 2\text{O}{{\text{H}}^{-}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\] | |||
| \(\text{F}{{\text{e}}^{2+}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\) | \(\text{F}{{\text{e}}^{\text{2+}}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \text{+}\ \text{2O}{{\text{H}}^{-}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \to \) | |||
| \(\text{F}{{\text{e}}^{3+}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\) | \(\text{F}{{\text{e}}^{\text{3+}}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \text{+}\ \text{3O}{{\text{H}}^{-}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \to \) | |||
| \(\text{Z}{{\text{n}}^{2+}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\) | \(\text{Z}{{\text{n}}^{\text{2+}}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \text{+}\ \text{2O}{{\text{H}}^{-}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \to \) \[\text{Zn}{{\left( \text{OH} \right)}_{2}}\left( \text{s} \right)\ \text{+}\ 4\text{N}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \to \ {{\left[ \text{Zn}{{\left( \text{N}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}} \right)}_{4}} \right]}^{2+}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \text{+}\ 2\text{O}{{\text{H}}^{-}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\] | |||
| \(\text{A}{{\text{l}}^{3+}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\) | \(\text{A}{{\text{l}}^{\text{3+}}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \text{+}\ \text{3O}{{\text{H}}^{-}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \to \) | |||
| \(\text{P}{{\text{b}}^{2+}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\) | \(\text{P}{{\text{b}}^{\text{2+}}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \text{+}\ \text{2O}{{\text{H}}^{-}}\left( \text{aq} \right)\ \to \) |